Discovery and composition of web services using artificial intelligence planning and web service modeling ontology

In today’s Web environment, Web services are the preferred standards-based way to realize Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) computing. A problem that has become one of the recent critical issues is automated discovery and composition of Semantic Web services. A number of approaches have been presented to solve the problem. However, most of these approaches only consider discovery or composition of Web services but not both. In this study, an effective approach called AIMO, based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) planning, Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO), and Semantic Web has been proposed to tackle the problem. The main purpose of this study is to investigate and develop a novel approach for automated Web service discovery and composition. In this case, a comparative evaluation of state-of-the-art approaches for Web service composition approaches has been done and the strengths and weaknesses of those approaches have been discussed. Moreover a translator for interaction between WSMO and AI-planning based on Description Logics has been proposed. In addition, some parts of AIMO architecture have been tested on a practical case study, and the results based on the experimental validation demonstrate that AIMO provides an effective and applicable solution. AIMO continues to support loose coupling paradigm of SOA by separating the discovery from the composition of Web services

Research Article Novel Security Conscious Evaluation Criteria for Web Service Composition

Abstract: This study aims to present a new mathematical based evaluation method for service composition with respects to security aspects. Web service composition as complex problem solver in service computing has become one of the recent challenging issues in today's web environment. It makes a new added value service through combination of available basic services to address the problem requirements. Despite the importance of service composition in service computing, security issues have not been addressed in this area. Considering the dazzling growth of number of service based transactions, making a secure composite service from candidate services with different security concerns is a demanding task. To deal with this challenge, different techniques have been employed which have direct impacts on secure service composition efficiency. Nonetheless, little work has been dedicated to deeply investigate those impacts on service composition outperformance. Therefore, the focus of this study is to evaluate the existing approaches based on their applied techniques and QoS aspects. A mathematicalbased security-aware evaluation framework is proposed wherein Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multiple criteria decision making technique, is adopted. The proposed framework is tested on state-of-the-art approaches and the statistical analysis of the results presents the efficiency and correctness of the proposed work

Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Funding: F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT), in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy i4HB; FCT/MCTES through the project UIDB/50006/2020. J Conde acknowledges the European Research Council Starting Grant (ERC-StG-2019-848325). V M Costa acknowledges the grant SFRH/BHD/110001/2015, received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006.proofepub_ahead_of_prin

A comparative evaluation of state-of-the-art web service composition testing approaches

More and more Web based systems are being developed by composing other single or even composite services. This is due to the fact that not all available services are able to satisfy the needs of a user. The process of composing Web services involves discovering the appropriate services, selecting the best services, combining those services together, and finally executing them. Although much research efforts have been dedicated to the discovery, selection, and composition of services, the process of testing the Web service composition has not been given the same attention. This paper discusses the importance of Web services composition testing, provides a classification of the most prominent approaches in that area, presents several criteria for comparison of those approaches, and conducts a comparative evaluation of the approaches. The results of the paper give an essential perspective to do research work on Web services composition testing

An effective architecture for discovery and composition of semantic web services

The term “Web services” has been used very often nowadays. According to W3C, "A Web service is a software system identified by a URI (Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Masinter ,1998), whose public interfaces and bindings are defined and described using XML. Its definition can be discovered by other software systems. These systems may then interact with the Web service in a manner prescribed by its definition, using XML based messages conveyed by Internet protocols "(Austin, Barbir, Ferris, and Garg, 2004). Currently, an increasing number of companies and organizations implement their applications over Internet. Thus, the ability to select and integrate inter-organizational and heterogeneous services on the Web efficiently and effectively at runtime is an important step towards the development of the Web service applications. Recent researches study how to specify (in a formal and expressive enough language), compose (automatically), discover and ensure the correctness of Web services. In this chapter, a significant portion of the work has been dedicated to scenarios aimed at both automating Web service discovery and composition functionality. As W3C defined (Booth et al.), “Discovery is the act of locating a machine-processable description of a Web servicerelated resource that may have been previously unknown and that meets certain functional criteria”. Indeed, Web service discovery is the process of finding a suitable Web service for a given task. When no atomic Web service can fulfill the user’s requirements, there should be a possibility to combine existing services together in order to satisfy the request requirement. This trend has inaugurated a considerable number of research efforts on the Web service composition (WSC) both in academia and industry. Most of current approaches related to WSC applied following techniques: HTN (Sirin, Parsia, and Hendler, 2005) , Golog (McIlraith and Son, 2002), classic AI planning (Rao et al.,2006), Rule-based planning (Medjahed, Bouguettaya, and Elmagarmid, 2003), model checking (Kuter et al., 2005) , theorem proving(Rao, Kungas, and Matskin, 2004), etc. Some approaches need too much human effort; some overlook the problem of discovery. Overcoming both discovery and composition of services is the key to automatic generation of executable process. In this chapter, an architecture, called AIMO, to do both Web service discovery, based on Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) (WSMO working group), and WSC based on AIplanning is proposed. First, the AIMO architecture and all its components are described. Then, in order to automatically generate the control flow of the planning process of AIMO, an extension of HTN-DL formalism described in (Sirin, 2006), that combines Hierarchical Task Networks and Description Logics (Baader, Calvanese, McGuinness, Nardi, and Patel-Schneider, 2003) is proposed. The proposed extension involves the capability of Web service discovery using WSMO. On the other hand, the AIMO approach can solve the problem of WSC for WSMO using AIplanning (i.e., HTN-DL). This extension enhances the performance of HTN-DL and correctness verifiability of WSMO. Moreover, a translator to provide interaction between WSMO and AI-planning is proposed. AIMO continues to support loose coupling paradigm of SOA by separating the Web service discovery from the WSC

Automatic discovery and composition of semantic web services using AI planning and web service modeling ontology

In order to realize Service Oriented Architecture computing, Web services are the preferred standards-based way. One of the recent critical issues is automated composition of Web services. A number of approaches have been proposed to resolve the problem. However, discovery and composition of Web services have been neglected by majority of those approaches. In this article, we propose an approach called AIMO, based on AI-planning and Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO), which are adapted and extended to tackle the mentioned problem. In addition, we propose a translator to provide interaction between WSMO and AI-planning. We start with presenting the AIMO architecture which shows all components of the proposed approach. Moreover, we have implemented some parts of the AIMO. Finally, an experimental validation has been done using a complex case study, in order to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Based on these experiments, and the implementation, the proposed approach is useable and performed

A comparative evaluation of state-of-the-art approaches for web service composition

In today's Web environment, many enterprises decide to implement and publish their applications on the Internet using Web services technology. In many cases, a single service is not sufficient to fulfill the user's request. To solve this problem, services should be combined together. Therefore, composition of Web services is one of the recent critical issues. A number of approaches have been presented, to tackle this problem. In this paper, we categorize these approaches into four categories (Workflow-based, Al-planning based, Syntactic-based, and Semantic-based). Then, we compare these approaches based on some criteria (like QoS, scalability, and correctness). Investigation of that classification will help researchers who are working on service composition to deliver more applicable solutions

Integrating discovery and composition of semantic web services based on description logic

A problem that has become one of the recent critical issues is automated composition of Web services. A number of approaches have been proposed to resolve the problem. However, discovery and composition of Web services have been neglected by majority of those approaches. In this article, an approach based on Description Logic is proposed. First of all, the architecture of the proposed approach which shows all components of the proposed approach is described. Moreover, a case study is designed to test some components of the proposed approach. The preliminary results of the test demonstrate that the approach provides an efficient solution

Local Administration of L-Arginine Accelerates Wound Closure

Objective(s)The process of wound healing involves tightly integrated events including inflammation, granulation tissue formation and remodeling. Systemic administration of L arginine promotes wound healing but its global side effects are undesirable. To confine the action of L-arginine at the site of injury, we tested the effects of local administration of L arginine on the healing of excisional wound in the rat.Materials and MethodsFull thickness excisional wounds were generated on the dorsum of adult male rats. The test wounds received 200 µm or 400 µm of L-arginine on day 3 and 5 post-wounding. Normal saline was injected into the sham wounds which were otherwise treated as the test wounds. Control wounds remained unmanipulated. The wound size was monitored daily by imaging. To determine the rate of wound closure, wound images were scanned and the rate of size reduction was analyzed and quantified by ScnImage software. The repaired tissues were harvested on day 12 post-wounding. The tissue sections were prepared and stained for microscopic examination. ResultsWounds treated with L-arginine showed a significant increase in the rate of wound closure. The morphology of basal keratinocytes was altered, and the thickness of neoepidermis was markedly reduced in the wounds treated with L-arginine. Both tested dose of L-arginine were equally effective. ConclusionLocal administration of L-arginine accelerates wound closure and has profound effects on keratinocytes performance during the process of healing. Therefore, it can be potentially used for treatment of skin disorders, in particular, those characterized by hyperkeratosis